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Stress forecast before the magnitude 5 earthquake on November 13, 1998

On basis of experience in studying shear-wave splitting time patterns in the very active Hengill-Ölfus area in SW-Iceland a successful stress forecast was issued by Stuart Crampin at UEDIN.DGG, on November 10, 1998, to IMOR.DG. This forecast said that an earthquake of magnitude 5-6 could occur anytime between the issuing of the forecast (M=5) and the end of February 1999 (M=6) if stress kept increasing. An earthquake of magnitude 5 occurred near the center of the region included in the forecast on November 13. Although this kind of forecast is far from being a complete earthquake prediction this is a step forward for short-term warnings. It does not in itself specify the epicenter of the earthquake. In this case the most likely epicenter and size had been guessed based on former activity, i.e. to complete an ongoing seismic cycle, as had been described by IMOR.DG scientists. In hindsight it was observed that the earthquake of November 13 had foreshock activity, which in fact defined the most likely epicenter for the earthquake, and also indicated that it was impending within short. Of course it is always a question if a sequence of microearthquakes is a foreshock activity or not. However, the pattern and characteristics of the foreshock activity in this case and methods for automatic evaluations of observations, give hopes that procedures can be developed to complete such a stress forecast by observations which aim at finding the place and the time of the earthquake nucleation before it ruptures.


next up previous contents
Next: Short-term prediction and warning Up: Significant warnings and other Previous: Significant warnings and other
Hjorleifur Sveinbjornsson
2001-01-08